The numbers varied with the geography: 61.4 percent of those tested in Izard County were infected Nevada, Union, and Columbia counties reported sixty-six percent infection rates and seventy-five percent of those tested in Hot Spring and Grant counties were infected. In Arkansas, it was reported that twenty percent of the population overall-and twenty-five percent of school-age children-was infected with hookworms, based on the commission’s testing of more than 50,000 people in fifty-eight Arkansas counties. Under the direction of Wicliffe Rose, the commission undertook widespread testing, treatment, and education programs in eleven states across the South, including Arkansas. Rockefeller agreed to provide $1 million for the formation of the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for Eradication of Hookworm Disease. Stiles reported to the Sanitary Conference of the American Republics that he had discovered “the germ of laziness,” describing his studies of hookworm disease. According to the World Health Organization, some 740 million people worldwide are infected with hookworms. In children, mental and physical development can be impaired, sometimes permanently. While it can sometimes lead to death, hookworm disease generally shows itself in weight loss, swollen feet and abdomens, lassitude, and a desire to eat inedible things like dirt or chalk. The result for the human hosts is hookworm disease, a condition characterized by severe anemia. Barefoot visitors to the privies could be infected repeatedly. Sanitary arrangements often consisted of a favorite bush or open-bottomed privies that provided warm, moist shade in which hookworms could thrive. This complicated life cycle worked well for hookworms in Arkansas before the days of indoor plumbing. Upon arriving in the host’s intestines, the hookworm attaches itself to the lining of the intestines with its teeth, and the life cycle begins anew. The host develops a cough that expels the hookworm from the lungs, allowing it to be swallowed.
#Effects of hookworms in humans skin
Within five to ten days, the hookworm larvae are ready to burrow into the skin of a new host, usually between the bare toes, and then travel up through the veins into the heart and lungs. When infected people deposit feces containing hookworm eggs in warm, moist, shaded soil, the eggs hatch and develop into larvae. The hookworm is an intestinal parasite that grows and reproduces in the intestines of its hosts. Its virtual eradication was the result of a public health and education campaign on the part of the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission between 19. With official estimates claiming that up to twenty percent of the entire population of the state suffered from hookworm infestation, this parasite was sufficiently widespread to affect the economy as well as the health of Arkansas. Hookworm disease was a significant public health issue in Arkansas until the movement to eradicate hookworms in the early twentieth century.
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